https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a63788081/consciousness-retrocausality/?source=nl&utm_source=nl_pop&utm_medium=email&date=021425&utm_campaign=nl01_021425_HBU38550561&oo=&user_email=1e7f7a9239bb44f191dc979b8fe5e634e587dfe020b84a653d2040468a8b342b&GID=1e7f7a9239bb44f191dc979b8fe5e634e587dfe020b84a653d2040468a8b342b&utm_term=TEST-%20NEW%20TEST%20-%20Sending%20List%20-%20AM%20180D%20Clicks%2C%20NON%20AM%2090D%20Opens%2C%20Both%20Subbed%20Last%2030DYour Consciousness Can Reach Back in Time to Shape the Past, a New Study Siggests
Feb 13, 2025
In grammar, we learn about the past, present, and future tenses from an early age. This shapes our understanding of time as a one-way arrow. Eggs break, but don’t un-break; we grow older, but never grow younger; you can form a snowman, but it will inevitably melt back into a pool of slush again. In physics, this concept is called the “arrow of time.”
But a fascinating idea, known as “retrocausality,” complicates our conception of time. Instead of time functioning like a one-way train track (past → present → future), time could work more like a single timeline or block. In this backward-in-time effect, tenses don’t follow one another; they exist as different slices of the block, all at once. From this perspective, the present—and perhaps even the future—could influence the past in subtle ways.
And some scientists even believe that your own consciousness may follow the rules of retrocausality, meaning thoughts, feelings, or decisions you have or make today might influence events in your past. Proponents of the retrocausality theory even suggest the future is not something that “unfolds,” but is rather already present in the structure of the universe; in a sense, it has already happened—or is happening.
Put another way, what you experience as the linear passage of time might be more like a stable shadow of reality rather than fundamental reality itself, suggests Matthew S. Leifer, Ph.D, an assistant professor of physics at Chapman University. “We only see shadows cast on a wall,” Leifer explains, much like the prisoners in Plato’s Allegory of the cave, described by the ancient Greek philosopher over 2,400 years ago. These shadows represent our limited perceptions, while the world outside the cave symbolizes a deeper, more profound reality—the full 3D shapes behind them.
fundamental level.” In this fundamental realm, there could be backward-in-time influences, and time may not flow in the symmetrical, orderly way we see in classical physics.
And what is this fundamental reality? It’s the quantum world—a realm in which particles can exist in multiple states at once, where entanglement binds objects across vast distances, and where effects might ripple backward as well as forward in time. In this strange, non-intuitive domain, cause and effect may behave differently from what we expect in everyday life.
To explore the puzzling nature of time in the quantum world, Leifer and his team posed a provocative dilemma in a paper published on the pre-print server arXiv. The scientists argued that either time symmetry is fundamental to reality—where the laws of physics work the same forward and backward in time, making retrocausality (the future influencing the past) necessary—or time symmetry isn’t fundamental, and retrocausality isn’t required. Their conclusion? Fully embracing time symmetry in quantum mechanics might demand accepting the controversial idea of retrocausality.
Recent studies have begun bridging the gap between theory and practice. In a study published in Physical Review Letters in October 2023, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Ph.D.—a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and an adjunct assistant professor of physics at the University of Maryland—demonstrated a method to improve magnetic field measurements using quantum mechanics. Her co-authors entangled a quantum particle (the “probe”) with a twin particle. By adjusting the twin after the measurement, they effectively “sent” the ideal setup back in time, making it seem as though the probe was perfectly prepared from the start.
“What we showed is that you can perform a protocol in the lab with a quantum system that is mathematically equivalent to sending quantum information backward in time to enhance a metrology experiment,” says Yunger Halpern. (Metrology refers to the science of accurate measurement). However, she is quick to clarify: “That we have a protocol doesn’t necessarily mean information actually goes backward in time. It just means that, in our protocol, it’s as though information went backward in time.”
“But we don’t make the philosophical statement that information necessarily went backward in time,” Yunger Halpern continues, noting that she can certainly feel the flow of time herself. Leifer also feels the flow of time. He distinguishes between phenomenal time, the time we experience, and the concept of time in physics, though. “My way of thinking about time aligns with the block universe theory,” he says.
The block universe theory (or eternalism), rooted in physics and philosophy, sees spacetime as a four-dimensional block, with three dimensions of space and one of time. Described by Einstein’s theory of relativity, this perspective holds that the past, present, and future exist simultaneously, each occupying their own separate slice of the cosmological grid. In this 4D reality, there’s no need for a “start” or a “flow”: the past, present, and future are all equally real, coexisting within the Einsteinian space. Events don’t unfold in our familiar linear sequence. Instead, they simply “are,” fixed in their specific positions.
But how does this idea relate to consciousness? A speculative hypothesis called retrocausal consciousness says that your thoughts, feelings, or decisions today might influence events in the past—not by physically changing them, but by subtly shaping how they unfolded, like ripples flowing backward in time. Say you regret skipping a major opportunity years ago: your emotions today could subtly nudge “past you” to feel braver or hesitate less. Or, if you think about your grandmother and the bedtime stories she used to tell, your sentimental pull now could spark her to feel a little more inspired while telling those stories.
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