UPDATED: Friday Oct 4, 2024
* What is it and who are the players ?
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/motor-neurone-disease-mndGlutamate issue - NB: Between the GABAergic+Glutaminergic systems, there are 15, Yes, FIFTEEN TRANSPORTERS, and with that level of precision, I have no doubt in declaring that this Receptor/Neurotransmitter "megaplex" is the master-clocker of many functions, including Neural and all the many Nervous Systems Oscillations.
👉 * The feedback loops back eachother up to ensure a consistent rate, a steady volume and ratio if excitatory and inhibitory clocking is maintained within the host.
* Some resources:
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-neuromuscular-junction-structure-and-functionhttps://biologydictionary.net/neuromuscular-junction-2/https://atlasofscience.org/the-neuromuscular-junction-a-core-interpreter-in-the-nerve-muscle-dialog/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10974-024-09665-9https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-73585-6_1https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_5801https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004294https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/2/21-1727_articlewwwnc.cdc.govhttps://atlasofscience.org/the-neuromuscular-junction-a-core-interpreter-in-the-nerve-muscle-dialog/* Regarding the interactions and connections between nerve tissue and muscle, particularly at the NMJ or Neuromuscular junction, is a critical synapse where motor neurons communicate with muscle fibers to control muscle contractions.
At the NMJ, the motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to receptors on the muscle fiber’s membrane, triggering muscle contraction.
This process is essential for voluntary movements and is tightly regulated to ensure precise control of muscle activity.
https://pn.bmj.com/content/13/3/153https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-are-motor-neuron-diseases*
https://theconversation.com/what-we-know-dont-know-and-suspect-about-what-causes-motor-neuron-disease-79/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcodehttps://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2013-000557https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-neuromuscular-junction-structure-and-functionhttps://biologydictionary.net/neuromuscular-junction-2/https://atlasofscience.org/the-neuromuscular-junction-a-core-interpreter-in-the-nerve-muscle-dialog/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10974-024-09665-9https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-73585-6_1*
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_5801https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004294https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/2/21-1727_articlehttps://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/172/7/4637/71903/Human-Rhinovirus-Infection-Induces-Airwayhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004294doi.org+2 more
Are there neurites between tissue and muscle, spanning the synapse-based NMJ ?
https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/neuromuscular-interactions-how-to-move-a-musclehttps://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-neuromuscular-junction-structure-and-functionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular_junctionh
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroanatomy/articles/10.3389/fnana.2020.00059/fullhttps://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-neuromuscular-junction-structure-and-functionkenhub.com* When it comes to Neurites, which are the projections from the neuron cell body (including axons and dendrites), there have been several recent advancements in understanding their development and function.
Key Points on Neurite Development:
• Extracellular and Intracellular Signals: Neurite development, or neuritogenesis, involves a complex interplay of signals. These signals guide the growth and direction of neurites1.
• Growth Factors: Neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulate the growth of microtubules within neurites, which are essential for their extension1.
• Cell Surface Receptors: Neurites express receptors that detect growth cues from their environment, helping them navigate and connect with target cells2.
• Cytoskeletal Dynamics: The cytoskeleton within neurites remains dynamic, with actin filaments and microtubules playing crucial roles in their growth and stabilization1.
Recent Advances:
• Neurotrophic Factors: Research has highlighted the role of neurotrophic factors in promoting neurite outgrowth and survival, which is crucial for neural development and repair1.
• Electric Fields: Studies have shown that weak endogenous electric fields can facilitate and direct neurite outgrowth, which has potential applications in neural repair and regeneration1.
• Molecular Pathways: Advances in understanding the molecular pathways involved in neurite guidance and growth are paving the way for new therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases
These insights are helping scientists develop new approaches to enhance neurite growth and repair, which could be beneficial for treating various neurological conditions.
👉 * My perspective: Looking at this as a Synaptic Pathology
Motor Neuron Disease (MND), including its most common form, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), is primarily a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons, which are the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles¹².
While MND is not typically classified as a synapse pathology, it does involve the degeneration of motor neurons, which can impact synaptic function and communication between neurons and muscles¹.
➡️✅️ * Please look at the basics: Lipidomic profile, Vitamin D and Calcium levels and a major focus on Choline Supplements of all varieties !
**Choline** is an essential nutrient that plays a significant role in brain and nervous system function.
* It is a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control, memory, and other functions³⁴.
Here are some ways choline might help in the context of MND:
1. **Neurotransmitter Support**:
Choline is crucial for the synthesis of acetylcholine, which is essential for motor neuron function and muscle control.
Adequate choline levels might help maintain neurotransmitter balance and support motor function³⁴.
2. **Neuroprotection**:
* Choline has been suggested to have neuroprotective properties, potentially reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are factors in neurodegenerative diseases³⁵.
3. **Cognitive Function**:
* Choline is important for cognitive health. Higher choline levels have been associated with better cognitive functioning, which could be beneficial for MND patients experiencing cognitive symptoms⁶.
Choline supplementation shows promise and concurrent use of Pregnalone is my suggestion to "stimulate SYNAPTIC PARALLELISM", as women seem to suffer less than men.
(1) Motor neuron diseases - Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_neuron_diseases.
(2) Motor neuron disease (MND): Types, causes, and more - Medical News Today.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/164342.
(3) CHOLINE - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD.
.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-436/choline.
(4) Choline: What It Does and When to Supplement - Verywell Health.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/choline-5084871.
(5) How Choline Benefits Your Brain and Beyond - Dr. Michael Ruscio, DC.
https://drruscio.com/choline-benefits/.
(6) What is choline? Benefits, deficiency, and sources - Medical News Today.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327117.
Here are two key organizations in Australia and globally that are actively involved in the fight against Motor Neuron Disease (MND), along with their contact information:
### Australia
1. **MND Australia**
- **Email**: info@mndaustralia.org.au
- **Website**: [mndaustralia.org.au](
https://www.mndaustralia.org.au/)
2. **Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre**
- **Email**: mnd@mq.edu.au
- **Website**: [mq.edu.au](
https://www.mq.edu.au/research/research-centres-groups-and-facilities/centres/motor-neuron-disease)
### Globally
1. **International Alliance of ALS/MND Associations**
- **Email**: info@als-mnd.org
- **Website**: [als-mnd.org](
https://www.als-mnd.org/)
2. **ALS Association (USA)**
- **Email**: info@alsa.org
- **Website**: [alsa.org](
https://www.als.org/)
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December 24, 2014, 11:32:18 AM
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